Scourge of Our Time; The Trustbuster; Inside the Archives | 60 Minutes Full Episodes

The Fentanyl Crisis

• Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid 50 times more potent than heroin, is being produced in Mexico using chemicals primarily sourced from China. (2m9s)
• Mexican drug cartels are disguising fentanyl as other drugs, such as cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin, or pressing it into counterfeit pills made to resemble prescription medications like OxyContin, Xanax, Percocet, and Adderall. (6m20s)
• The Sinaloa and Jalisco cartels in Mexico dominate and control the global fentanyl supply chain, starting in China and moving to Mexico before entering the United States. (8m16s)
• The fentanyl crisis began 10 years ago when these cartels took control of the supply chain from China and started making fentanyl in clandestine labs in Mexico. (8m32s)
• These two cartels are responsible for nearly 70,000 American deaths annually. (8m47s)
• The DEA has taken action over the last three years against every part of the global supply chain, including charging Chinese nationals and cartel members and seizing hundreds of millions of deadly doses of fentanyl. (8m55s)
• About 90% of the fentanyl entering the U.S. comes through passenger vehicles at legal ports of entry. (9m23s)
• Most fentanyl is smuggled through legal ports of entry like San Ysidro between San Diego and Tijuana, the busiest land port in the Western Hemisphere. (9m35s)
• In fiscal year 2023, 27,000 pounds of fentanyl were seized. (9m56s)
• Officers at ports of entry have limited time and resources to inspect vehicles, with only 8% of cars being searched. (10m22s)
• Cartels constantly adapt their smuggling methods, such as hiding pills in gas tanks to mask the scent. (10m32s)
• Seized drugs are stored in a secure vault, the location of which is undisclosed for security reasons. (10m44s)
• Despite the high volume of traffic, cartels use busy ports because they can blend in with legitimate travelers. (11m5s)
• Two-thirds of those arrested for smuggling fentanyl are American citizens paid by the cartels. (11m22s)
• Customs and Border Protection needs more officers, agents, and intelligence specialists to effectively combat fentanyl smuggling. (11m45s)
• A bipartisan border bill that would have provided additional resources was killed by the Senate at the urging of former President Donald Trump. (11m58s)
• Jack O'Kelly, a 20-year-old student at the University of Georgia, died from a fentanyl overdose after taking counterfeit pills that he believed to be Xanax, oxycodone, and cocaine. (4m49s)
• (7m32s) The DEA headquarters displays photos of people who died from fentanyl as a daily reminder of the drug's catastrophic impact.
• (7m39s) Fentanyl affects Americans from all walks of life, including military personnel and babies.
• (7m58s) The DEA, part of the Department of Justice, conducts intelligence gathering and counter-drug operations worldwide.

The Role of Social Media in the Fentanyl Crisis

• The U.S. opioid crisis and subsequent crackdown on the drug industry created a demand for opioids that the Mexican cartels filled with fentanyl. (12m59s)
• DEA head Anne Milgram agrees that the U.S. drug industry bears significant blame for igniting the crisis, but social media companies are fueling it today by allowing cartels to organize and recruit individuals. (13m47s)
• Drugs are being sold daily on platforms like Snapchat, Instagram, and TikTok, with seven out of ten counterfeit pills tested by the DEA containing potentially deadly doses of fentanyl. (14m11s)
• Angela King and Mike O Kelly emphasize the severity of the new drug war, which is different from previous ones as it significantly affects young people. They believe the government's efforts are insufficient. (14m29s)

Lena Khan and the FTC's Crackdown on Corporate Power

• Lena Khan, the youngest chair of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at 32, attributes high prices on goods to widespread corporate consolidation. The FTC's mission includes breaking illegal monopolies, blocking mergers that stifle competition, and protecting consumers. (15m18s)
• Khan is both feared and admired; she is seen as aggressive by some but is popular among young people, small business owners, and union members. She conducts listening tours in various districts to discuss the dangers of business monopolies. (15m51s)
• The FTC is currently trying to block a major grocery merger between Kroger and Albertson's, which Khan argues could raise food prices further. While some economists attribute high prices to supply chain issues from COVID-19 and the Ukraine war, Khan points to corporate greed as a factor. (16m52s)
• Khan highlights that some executives have publicly stated that inflation benefits their profits. She argues that without competition, companies have no incentive to pass on efficiencies to consumers. (17m53s)
• The high cost of medicine is another concern, with Khan focusing on how big Pharma extends patents to keep low-cost generics off the market. For example, asthma inhalers that cost $7 in France are around $500 in the U.S. due to patent extensions on non-essential parts like the inhaler cap. (18m30s)
• After the FTC sent warning letters, three major inhaler makers reduced their prices significantly. Recently, the FTC filed a lawsuit to lower the price of insulin and other drugs, targeting three companies for price manipulation. (19m50s)
• Khan's approach represents a shift in policy from the hands-off strategy towards mergers and acquisitions that began with Ronald Reagan and continued through subsequent administrations until President Biden. (20m37s)
• (21m2s) The accumulation of power by giant corporations has resulted in less growth, weakened investment, and fewer small businesses.
• (21m13s) Under President Biden, the FTC and the Justice Department have initiated a crackdown, suing companies like Ticketmaster, Nvidia, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, and Google, which was recently deemed an illegal monopoly.
• (21m45s) Lena Khan, head of the FTC, gained recognition for her paper "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox," which argued that Amazon's low prices do not negate its monopolistic practices.
• (22m22s) Investigations revealed that Amazon's practices were raising prices for consumers by eliminating competition, although Amazon denies these allegations.
• (22m45s) The FTC is also targeting tech giants for buying up smaller companies, which has led to reduced privacy protections for consumers.
• (23m37s) Khan is suing over Facebook's acquisitions of WhatsApp and Instagram, aiming to reverse some mergers approved over the past 40 years.
• (24m5s) Despite some losses in court, the FTC's actions have deterred companies from pursuing mergers, which is seen as a win.
• (24m50s) The FTC and DOJ investigate a small percentage of proposed deals, but startup founders argue that Khan's actions are stifling innovation by spooking investors.
• (25m19s) The Justice Department's subpoena of Nvidia led to a significant drop in the company's stock, raising concerns about the FTC's power to destabilize the economy.
• (26m2s) The crackdown on corporate power is seen as a reaction to the financial crisis, but corporations are pushing back with lawsuits, potentially leading to a Supreme Court showdown over the FTC's fate.
• (26m32s) There is concern that aggressive actions by the FTC could diminish its powers if the courts rule against it.
• (26m51s) Lena Khan's future at the FTC is uncertain, depending on the outcome of the next presidential election, with mixed support from political figures.
• (27m30s) Some of the biggest donors want a certain individual removed from their position, and they are vocal about it on television.
• (27m42s) The individual emphasizes the importance of staying focused and blocking out noise from CEOs.
• (27m52s) When asked if they would continue in their job, the individual mentions it would be an honor and that there is much work to be done.

The National Archives: Safeguarding America's Past

• The National Archives has been in the news due to missing records from former President Donald Trump and Vice President Biden. (28m25s)
• The National Archives is a small federal agency responsible for safeguarding America's past. (28m41s)
• The archives are described as the country's safety deposit box, reading room, and paper shredder combined. (28m49s)
• The institution holds documents central to the nation for nearly 250 years. (29m0s)
• The building housing the main attractions in Washington was inspired by ancient Rome and built as a temple to history. (29m11s)
• Over a million people visit the National Archives each year to see national treasures in person. (29m39s)
• The building was completed in 1937, but the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution did not arrive until 1952. (29m52s)
• President Truman intervened to transfer these documents from the Library of Congress to the National Archives. (30m4s)
• The Declaration of Independence is significantly faded due to exposure to light and elements in the 19th century. (30m18s)
• Original documents are now kept in the dark and guarded around the clock in bulletproof cases. (30m41s)
• Colleen Shogun, the Archivist of the United States, is responsible for America's records. (31m0s)
• The National Archives holds approximately 135 billion paper records, enough film to circle the globe three and a half times, millions of photographs, and over 700,000 artifacts. (31m11s)
• Most of the collection is stored outside Washington in various facilities, including underground cave complexes. (31m38s)
• Only about 3% of government paperwork is preserved for posterity, with the rest being destroyed. (32m3s)
• Before 1934, federal agencies stored their own records with varying success until the National Archives was created. (32m30s)
• Trevor Plant oversees more than two billion written documents in Washington, including original documents from the Revolutionary War. (32m47s)
• A resolution passed by Congress in early 1865, which became the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, shows multiple handwritings, indicating clerks wanted to be part of history. (33m45s)
• Trevor Plant describes the archives as keeping the nation's receipts. (34m11s)
• The Louisiana Purchase treaty was signed by Napoleon Bonaparte, costing 4 cents an acre and doubling the size of the United States. (34m17s)
• The deed of gift for the Statue of Liberty from France in 1884 and the check Russia cashed when the US bought Alaska in 1867 for $7.2 million are notable historical documents. (34m30s)
• Due to space constraints, Congress funded a state-of-the-art facility in College Park, Maryland, where Deputy Archivist J. Bosenko manages day-to-day operations. (34m52s)
• The archives' most restricted vault contains significant historical items, including Hitler's last will and testament and Eva Braun's diary, captured by US Armed Forces. (35m6s)
• The vault also holds a letter from a young Fidel Castro to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, highlighting the potential for undiscovered treasures in the archives. (35m44s)
• Researchers from around the world, including a group from Japan and a US Army unit, visit the archives to make discoveries and catalog historical records. (36m2s)
• The archives hold important documents like Richard Nixon's resignation letter from August 9, 1974, which became public after the Presidential Records Act of 1978. (36m45s)
• The Presidential Records Act ensures that presidential records belong to the American people, starting with President Reagan. (37m40s)
• In 2021, former President Trump was charged with 40 felonies for allegedly refusing to turn over classified documents, while President Joe Biden was investigated but not charged for a similar issue. (37m52s)
• The archives serve as custodians of presidential documents, with enforcement of the law being the responsibility of the Justice Department. (38m30s)
• Historical records become available to reporters and scholars five years after a presidency ends, leading to a backlog of Freedom of Information Act requests. (39m5s)
• Archivist Colleen Shogan inherited a flat budget and a large number of FOIA requests, with some requests at the George W. Bush Presidential Library having a 12-year wait time. (39m31s)
• The archives aim to scan and digitize all 135 billion paper records, but only 2% are currently available online, and limited resources pose a risk of mission failure. (39m56s)
• The archives' path to digital transformation will require significant resource increases and support from institutions, Congress, and the executive branch. (40m41s)
• In 2026, the Emancipation Proclamation and the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote, will be permanently displayed in the Rotunda. (41m0s)
• These additions are the first major changes to the Rotunda in 72 years. (41m15s)
• CBS News has created a new podcast called "60 Minutes: A Second Look," which features archival material from the show's history. (42m5s)