Derek Sivers, Philosopher-Entrepreneur — The Greatest Year of His Life

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• A deliberate approach called the George Costanza principle was adopted, which involves doing the opposite of one's impulses, saying "no" out loud when everything says "yes" and saying "yes" out loud when everything says "no" (5s).
• This approach was used to deliberately shake things up and challenge initial reactions (15s).
• A relationship with a woman was being considered, but there was no great connection, and she proposed traveling to California together only if they got married (25s).
• Initially, the idea of marrying this person seemed unappealing, with the thought of "oh hell no, don't do that, that's stupid" (28s).
• Despite the initial reaction, the decision was made to say "yes" to getting married, going against the initial impulse (35s).

Derek Sivers: A Man who brings his own introduction. (52s)

• Derek Sivers is a musician, entrepreneur, and philosopher who started selling his music online in 1997 through a platform called CD Baby, which eventually became the largest seller of independent music online (1m17s).
• He ran CD Baby for 10 years before selling it and then became a TED speaker, later writing five books after being asked by Seth Godin to write one (1m33s).
• Derek Sivers is currently living in New Zealand, where he is a father and spends his time thinking philosophically (1m40s).
• He has had an eclectic career, working in various fields such as traveling circuses, playing music at pig fairs, and being an entrepreneur, coder, and philosopher (2m11s).
• Derek Sivers is known for crafting a life that is uniquely his own and frequently tests assumptions, often changing his mind and taking unconventional paths (2m27s).
• He is also known for his ability to zig when others might zag, and this aspect of his personality is part of why he is enjoyable to spend time with (2m42s).

First mind change: Emirati coffee. (3m1s)

• The conversation started with a discussion on things that have changed one's mind, and the first topic was coffee, which was initially disliked but later enjoyed in a specific form. (3m4s)
• The change in liking coffee occurred when trying Emirati coffee in the United Arab Emirates, as a guest of an Emirati man who insisted it was a custom to have the coffee. (4m0s)
• The Emirati coffee was surprisingly liked, and upon inquiry, it was found that there are only three places in Dubai that know how to make real Emirati coffee, with one of them being "Batil" or "Batile". (4m52s)
• The exact technique or ingredient that makes Emirati coffee special is unknown, but it is speculated that severe social pressure might be a contributing factor to its unique taste. (5m47s)
• The term "Emirati" refers to people of the lineage or citizens of the United Arab Emirates, and it is not the same as being a Brahman in the UAE. (5m30s)
• The experience of trying Emirati coffee was repeated six months later, and the same positive reaction was observed, further solidifying the change in liking coffee. (5m55s)

Second mind change: Ruby to Python. (6m16s)

• The Ruby and Python programming languages are similar, with Ruby being comparable to Portuguese and Python to Spanish, but Python became more popular over time (6m16s).
• Initially, Ruby and Python were side by side in terms of popularity, but Python eventually took off, while Ruby remained less popular (6m38s).
• Despite Python's growing popularity, a decision was made to stick with Ruby and not learn Python due to their similarities, with a preference to learn more distinct languages like Lisp or Haskell instead (6m50s).
• This decision led to an irrational prejudice against Python, causing it to be excluded from consideration when choosing a new language for a project (7m1s).
• Eventually, Python was reevaluated, and its beauty and greatness were discovered, leading to a change of heart and a newfound appreciation for the language (7m14s).
• This experience felt amazing, as it involved overcoming a 20-year prejudice and discovering the wonderful qualities of Python (7m26s).

Third mind change: Rats. (7m36s)

• A pet rat was brought as a prop, and the rats are described as sizable, chunky, cute, wonderful, and affectionate, with the ability to be trained to do tricks (7m37s).
• Years ago, the owner used to kill rats due to a rat infestation in their basement apartment in Boston, but their perspective changed when their son asked for a pet rat (8m5s).
• The son showed videos of pet rats being sweet, smart, and trainable, which changed the owner's perception of rats, highlighting the difference between wild and pet rats (8m49s).
• Pet rats are compared to poodles, as they are clean, use a litter box, and can control their bladder, making them a wonderful pet (9m19s).
• The lifespan of pet rats is 2-3 years, which is considered a good duration for a pet, especially for children, as it does not require a long-term commitment (9m38s).
• The owner loves their pet rats, Cricket and Clover, and appreciates the change in their perspective, now cuddling what they used to kill and hate (10m2s).
• The rats eat rat food from the store, but also enjoy leftovers and scraps, and are kept in the kitchen, where they can be easily fed and interacted with (10m33s).

Fourth mind change: China. (11m10s)

• In 2010, a visit to China and then Taipei, Taiwan, left an impression of China being a rough, developing economy, while Taiwan felt refined and first-world, with a culture similar to Japan but with Chinese influences (11m13s).
• Fourteen years later, in 2024, a return trip to China with a child revealed a vastly improved and modernized country, with Shanghai being particularly impressive, featuring electric vehicles, a silent and refined atmosphere, and polite, cultured people (12m18s).
• The use of technology in China, such as Alipay and WeChat for transactions, made everyday tasks easy and convenient, with features like rental bikes available everywhere (13m9s).
• In contrast, a subsequent visit to Taipei, Taiwan, was disappointing, with a noticeable lack of modernization, a reliance on cash transactions, and a general feeling of being "stinky and trashy" (13m53s).
• A conversation with a Taiwanese investor who frequently visits mainland China revealed that she shared similar observations, feeling that Taiwan may have plateaued around 12 years ago, similar to Japan, and that China is continuously improving and modernizing (14m32s).
• The investor noted that every six to 12 months, she notices visible and noticeable improvements in China, indicating a country in a state of rapid progress and development (15m5s).
• The perception of China's government was changed after reading a book called "China's World View" by David Daqu Lee, which explains the mindset of China's government to outsiders (15m11s).
• The book "China's World View" is highly recommended for those who want to understand China better (15m32s).
• Japan is a country that is loved, and time has been spent there as well as in mainland China and Taipei (15m38s).
• When people visit Japan for the first time, they often expect a futuristic experience, but the reality is that it is a mix of futuristic and mundane aspects, with a lot of paperwork and bureaucracy (16m0s).
• Japan has a feeling of being frozen in time, with some aspects not having changed much over the years (16m33s).
• There is a need to return to the East, as it has been a long time since the last visit (16m43s).
• A trip to Shenzhen and Chengdu in China is planned, where meetings with people will be held, rather than doing factory tours or sightseeing (16m51s).
• The approach to traveling is to meet with people and have meaningful interactions, rather than just seeing the sights (17m8s).
• The cities of Shenzhen and Chengdu were chosen because of the people known there, and meetings have been arranged with them (17m15s).

Fifth mind change: Dubai. (17m21s)

• Dubai was initially one of the top 10 places that was never wanted to be visited, due to its reputation for being a place of excess, with large shopping malls and a culture of wealth, but this perception changed after reading about its history and culture (17m48s).
• A layover in Dubai turned into a 3-4 day trip, which led to reading a book called "City of Gold" about the founding of Dubai, and it was found to be an inspiring read about the wisdom, foresight, and boldness of its creators (18m31s).
• Another book, "Arabian Sands" by Wilfred Thesiger, was read, which provided insight into Arab Bedu culture, written in the 1940s or 1950s, and was found to be inspiring (19m5s).
• Learning about the United Arab Emirates and its history, including Sheikh Zayed, the father of the nation, was found to be inspiring, and his decisions and actions were admired, similar to the admiration for Lee Kuan Yew, the former leader of Singapore (19m42s).
• Arab culture is often portrayed negatively in the media, but learning about it firsthand was found to be interesting and changed initial perceptions, with Sheikh Zayed being seen as a great and generous leader (20m12s).
• The experience of learning about Dubai and its culture was found to be subtly influential, with the presence of role models like Sheikh Zayed and Lee Kuan Yew inspiring actions and decisions (20m1s).

Tamashee: Come for the sandals, stay for the culture. (20m46s)

• A friend from Muscat, Oman noticed an interest in Arab culture through a reading list and introduced Muhammad Kazim, the founder of Tamashee, a sandal store that also educates on Arab culture (21m1s).
• Tamashee's storefront is similar to a pirate shop in San Francisco, where the actual purpose is education and workshops, but the storefront is used to gain zoning permission (21m35s).
• Muhammad Kazim's sandal designs reflect Arab traditions and culture, but his true passion is organizing cultural trips, which can be found on the Tamashee website (22m36s).
• Muhammad Kazim's grandfather built the first building in Dubai, showcasing the city's young age (22m57s).
• Arab culture varies greatly depending on the region, with different cultures for people of the desert, the sea, and the hills (23m13s).
• Muhammad Kazim's family history dates back 1,800 years, with good record-keeping allowing them to maintain their lineage (23m57s).
• Knowing one's long family history can greatly impact their perspective on life and the choices they make (24m5s).
• Muhammad Kazim has a complete American accent due to attending college in Boston for six years, but his passion is teaching Arab cultural traditions that have been lost in modern times (24m26s).
• He left a career in finance to pursue his passion project, Tamashee, where he teaches Arab culture and sells sandals (24m33s).

Cormac McCarthy Writes to the Editor of The Santa Fe New Mexican. (24m54s)

• A link to a word, "mweene m.net", is provided in the show notes for people to check out, which contains some hilarious writing. (24m55s)
• Cormac McCarthy wrote to the editor of The Santa Fe New Mexican, an article that is humorous for those who have read his works, such as "On the Road" or "Blood Meridian". (25m10s)
• Traditional Iraqi music is incredibly intricate, using instruments like the damer or hammer damer, and is considered spectacular. (25m28s)
• Unfortunately, much of Iraq's traditional music and cultural heritage has been destroyed due to the country's turmoil, resulting in the loss of teachers and cultural knowledge. (25m45s)

Shifting perspectives and the value of questioning preconceptions. (25m54s)

• The overarching lesson learned from changing one's mind on five things is that it's essential to get to know something better if you feel averse to it, and trying to lean into things you dislike can give you an appreciation for them (25m55s).
• The five things that were changed include rats, Dubai, coffee, Python programming, and an unspecified fifth thing, which were all initially disliked but are now loved (26m4s).
• Dubai is described as a cultural melting pot that is amazing and warms the heart, with people from different cultures walking together in the same place (26m20s).
• The secret to enjoying something is to learn more about it, and this can be applied to various things, such as opera or sports (27m8s).
• The year was considered the greatest and happiest due to the five major things that were changed from dislike to love (27m35s).
• The rats, which were initially disliked, are now pets and loved, and the same applies to coffee and Python programming (27m53s).
• The turnaround from dislike to love is interesting, especially since the initial positions were strong and fixed (28m15s).
• The changes of mind were catalyzed by different events, such as a son bringing up pet rats, a layover in Dubai, and an unspecified event for Python programming (28m27s).
• The experience of the past year has led to the realization that changing one's mind and being open to new things can lead to high levels of happiness (28m54s).
• There is no systematic approach to changing one's mind, but rather a need to notice when being irrationally averse to something and being open to learning more (29m7s).
• The idea of not dismissing something or someone due to initial dislike or disagreement is also important, as it can lead to missing out on valuable information or perspectives (29m31s).
• Judging people or things based on a single aspect can lead to missing out on valuable information, as seen in the example of someone dismissing a book due to a single disagreeable chapter (29m56s).
• It's essential to look beyond the surface level and consider the contents, rather than just the packaging, to discover the true value of something (30m29s).
• Having close relationships with people who hold different opinions can bring value and depth to friendships, rather than agreeing on everything (31m31s).
• Surrounding oneself with diverse worldviews and perspectives can be beneficial, much like diversifying investments to minimize risk (32m44s).
• Having a "thought portfolio" with a low correlation between different perspectives can help in making decisions and approaching problems from various angles (33m15s).
• Actively considering the thoughts and approaches of friends and acquaintances can be a valuable tool in decision-making and problem-solving (33m42s).
• Engaging with diverse perspectives and worldviews can help maintain enthusiasm and motivation, as seen in the example of continuing to produce podcasts (32m5s).
• The benefits of diversification in investing can be applied to the "thought portfolio" in one's head, allowing for a more well-rounded approach to life and decision-making (32m46s).
• Engaging in civil disagreements with friends is considered a gift, as it allows for the exchange of different perspectives and helps individuals think through their thoughts and opinions (34m55s).
• Having friends who can take counter positions and engage in discussions helps prevent getting trapped in one's own thought loops and promotes truthful communication (35m37s).
• Being able to speak truthfully to friends and having them do the same is essential, and if there's never any conflict, it may indicate dishonesty (35m55s).
• Conflict resolution and being able to discuss hard topics are crucial skills to develop, especially when engaging in honest conversations with friends (36m9s).
• Deliberately seeking out friends with different perspectives and opinions can serve as a personal "dojo" for life, allowing for growth and learning (36m32s).
• Inviting people with differing opinions onto a podcast can provide an opportunity to interrogate their thinking and one's own thinking (36m51s).
• Being around people who agree can lead to a decrease in curiosity, while being around those with different perspectives can increase curiosity and encourage learning (37m10s).
• Meeting people with unique backgrounds and perspectives, such as a scientist who is also Hindu, can spark curiosity and a desire to learn and understand their way of thinking (37m15s).
• Deliberately seeking out diverse perspectives and overweighting learning from others is driven by pure curiosity, rather than a desire to debate or find the "right" answer (38m2s).
• The initial thought or impression about a situation can be an obstacle, and it's essential to get past it to realize there are other ways to look at the situation (38m28s).
• Systems thinking, such as "thinking fast and slow," can help in considering alternative perspectives and reactions to a situation (38m46s).
• The concept of success can be subjective, and what one person considers successful might not be the same for another; for instance, Richard Branson's life might not be considered successful if his goal was to have a life of peace and tranquility (39m14s).
• The question of who comes to mind when thinking of the word "successful" can lead to interesting insights, and considering the third person that comes to mind can be more revealing than the initial reaction (39m43s).
• Paying attention to the first feeling or instinct can be beneficial in avoiding pain, as discussed in "The Gift of Fear" by Gavin de Becker (40m12s).
• However, it's essential to distinguish between a genuine instinct and an inbuilt story or narrative that may not be accurate (40m24s).
• Questioning the initial story or narrative can lead to significant benefits and is a key aspect of personal growth and success (40m35s).
• The difference between success and failure often lies in the mindset and perspective, and recognizing that situations are not absolute but rather a matter of perspective can be incredibly empowering (40m42s).
• Physical realities are objective, but mental constructs, such as opinions and perspectives, are subjective and not necessarily true (41m7s).
• Recognizing that perspectives are not absolute can lead to greater happiness and success, as it allows for alternative ways of seeing and reacting to situations (41m36s).
• The concept of perspective and mindset is also explored in Byron Katie's "The Work" and pairs well with the ideas discussed (41m54s).
• The content of a situation is distinct from the mindset, and understanding this difference is crucial for personal growth and success (42m11s).
• Derek Sivers has made unorthodox decisions in his life, but explaining the reasoning and navigation behind those decisions has allowed others to learn and apply those lessons to different circumstances (42m17s).
• The value lies not in replicating someone else's decisions, but in learning the processes and tools they used to make those decisions, which can be applied to various scenarios (42m50s).
• It's essential to devalue the specific example and instead focus on the underlying theme and process, as this allows for more versatile learning and application (43m10s).
• This approach can be applied to various fields and topics, such as computer programming, where the theme and process can be extracted and applied to other areas (43m26s).
• The concept of a diversified portfolio of perspectives is crucial, and it was a topic that Derek Sivers wanted to discuss, highlighting the importance of exploring different viewpoints and approaches (44m2s).

Brian Eno and MusicThoughts. (44m11s)

• Brian Eno, a record producer, is someone whose thought process is fascinating, although his music may not be loved by everyone (44m16s).
• Eno coined the term "ambient music" after being in the hospital and listening to very low-volume music that a friend had put on for him, as he couldn't get up to change the volume (44m36s).
• A website, musicthoughts.com, was created in 1999 as a collection of inspiring quotes from Brian Eno, John Cage, and other musicians, and is a non-commercial project (45m4s).
• The website serves as a source of inspiration for music-making and features Eno's philosophies on music and thoughts that can help shift one's thinking (45m29s).
• According to Eno, his job as a record producer is to have strong opinions in the studio, which can help artists solidify their positions by disagreeing with him (45m49s).
• Eno's approach is not about imposing his opinions as right, but rather about providing a foil to help artists respond and make decisions (46m34s).

John Cage. (46m47s)

• John Cage was first encountered through a documentary about Nam June Paik, an experimental art performance pioneer who was inspired by Cage. (46m50s)
• The exposure to Cage was through a segment of a performance that caused 90% of the audience to leave, which was perceived as agonizingly uncomfortable and had no noise to listen to. (47m16s)
• Despite limited knowledge of Cage, he is often invoked as a figurehead of great influence, and his impression is based on the performance seen in the documentary. (47m30s)
• Cage is interesting because he questioned things that hadn't been questioned before, similar to modern art that challenges people's perceptions of what art is. (47m49s)
• Cage's work, such as his most famous piece "4 minutes and 33 seconds," which is just 4 minutes and 33 seconds of silence, aimed to make people listen to the sounds around them and question the core of what music is. (48m30s)
• Cage's thought process as a provocateur and instigator of new thinking is what makes him interesting, even if his end results may not be loved. (48m54s)
• The appeal of Cage's thought process is similar to the appeal of Brian Eno's work as a producer, which is to emulate his thought process and challenge conventional thinking. (48m57s)

Three glasses. (49m23s)

• A podcast with Tim Ferriss was mentioned, where the concept of "three glasses" was discussed (49m24s).
• The idea behind "three glasses" is to have a limited number of glasses, in this case, three, and to buy more if needed when hosting more than three people (49m33s).
• When visiting New Zealand, the host was offered a glass of water and found three glasses of dramatically different sizes in the cabinet (49m38s).
• The host initially thought that having only three glasses would be a limitation, but later realized that it made sense to just buy more glasses when needed, finding elegance in the simplicity of the approach (49m53s).

Derek’s experimental housing project. (50m1s)

• A dream home is being built 20 minutes north of Wellington, consisting of two 4x4 meter rectangles for sleeping and a 4x8 meter rectangle for waking hours, with the goal of adapting the space to the occupant's needs over time (50m1s).
• The house is being built with no bathroom, kitchen, or other default features, starting with a well-insulated rectangle and adding features as needed, based on experience rather than theory (50m10s).
• The occupant's child will have their own 4x8 meter cube to experiment with, and the house will be designed to allow for easy changes and additions (51m12s).
• The idea is to start from scratch and see what is needed, rather than relying on default settings, and to learn from experience rather than just following conventional wisdom (51m37s).
• The house's infrastructure, including pipes and wires, will be exposed and not hidden, following the philosophy of Steuart Brand, who argues that all buildings are predictions and all predictions are wrong (52m35s).
• Steuart Brand's book "How Buildings Learn" is recommended, and his idea is to make buildings adaptable and easy to change, rather than trying to predict how they will be used (52m21s).
• The occupant met Steuart Brand through Kevin Kelly, the founding editor of Wired Magazine, who is described as a fascinating genius and technology futurist (53m17s).
• A person is planning to use a space with nothing inside to determine what they need, rather than predicting what they will need and filling the space accordingly (54m23s).
• The space will be totally empty, with the person bringing a mattress to start and adding things as they feel they really need them (54m39s).
• The idea is inspired by the book "How Buildings Learn", which suggests that the best spaces are simple rectangles that are easy to alter (55m1s).
• The person cites the example of an MIT building that was thrown together quickly in World War II and became a creative space because it was easy to modify (55m15s).
• In contrast, award-winning buildings are often inflexible and hated by their residents because they are seen as masterpieces that cannot be changed (55m35s).
• The person recommends that if someone is going to be sitting on the floor a lot, they should start doing Turkish getups to get accustomed to it and avoid orthopedic issues (55m57s).
• The person plans to get a good chair almost right away, but only if they really need it (56m12s).
• The experiment with the simple home design is seen as a way to learn and have fun, with the person encouraging others to try different approaches and share their experiences (56m26s).
• The idea is to have redundancy and experimentation, with different people trying different things and learning from each other (56m45s).

Rich Hickey and practical applications of simplicity. (56m51s)

• Rich Hickey, a programmer and inventor of the Clojure programming language, is someone who would be great to have on a show due to his insightful talks, such as "Simplicity Matters" or "Simple vs Easy" on YouTube (56m58s).
• Hickey's point is that people often mistake simple and easy as being the same, but they are two different things; simple means something stands alone and is not bound to other things, while easy means something is near at hand and within one's realm (57m55s).
• The word complex comes from the word complect, meaning intertwined with other things, whereas simple comes from Simplex, meaning it is not bound to other things (58m6s).
• Easy and hard are subjective, but simple and complex are objective things that can be looked at and analyzed (58m41s).
• It can be very easy to make something complex, such as installing a massive framework with just a few words on a computer, which can then intertwine one's work with a complicated system (58m52s).
• In life, it's often easy to make decisions that add complexity, such as getting married, having a baby, adopting a dog, hiring people, or handing off work to consultants or apps, but these decisions can make one's life objectively complex (59m26s).
• It can be harder to make something simple, but it's often a better choice because it's more maintainable, easier to change, and easier to stop and start (1h0m33s).
• The idea of simplicity is related to the concept of tech independence, which was discussed in a previous conversation (1h0m26s).
• The key idea is to beware of complexity and aim for simplicity, even if it's harder, by learning about the fundamentals of something instead of adopting someone else's high-level solution (1h0m59s).
• This approach can be applied to life by identifying the core things needed, such as a shelter with basic necessities, and stripping away unnecessary dependencies and entanglements (1h1m42s).
• When evaluating actions or decisions, it's helpful to ask if you would still do it if nobody knew, to strip away the desire for external validation or impressing others (1h3m10s).
• In programming, this approach involves asking if the most direct way to achieve a goal is being used, rather than relying on unnecessary complexity or features (1h3m41s).
• When writing, this approach involves reducing and editing content to ensure that every word and sentence is necessary to communicate the point, and eliminating unnecessary sections or chapters (1h4m18s).
• The goal is to identify the real outcome or point of an action or decision, and then find the most direct route to achieve it, while being wary of dependencies and entanglements (1h2m19s).
• A talk was given to a room of successful and effective people about the idea of a book called "Useful Not True", which was still in the process of being written at the time, and this experience helped to refine the book's content by identifying points that could be skipped or removed (1h4m55s).
• The book was initially 400 pages long but was condensed to 102 pages by cutting out unnecessary content and focusing on the most direct way to convey the message (1h5m42s).
• The concept of simplicity versus complexity was discussed, including the idea of first-order simplicity, which involves making decisions based on immediate effects, versus second-order and third-order complexity, which considers the long-term consequences of those decisions (1h6m2s).
• The importance of balancing simplicity with the potential for long-term complexity was highlighted, using the example of someone who renounces their US citizenship to build a box and do everything themselves, only to create more complexity in the long run (1h6m30s).
• Another example was given of people moving to Puerto Rico to reduce taxes, but in doing so, they created lifestyle complexity and constraints that ultimately made their lives more complicated (1h7m15s).
• The idea of "first principles" was mentioned, which involves looking at a situation from the beginning and considering the potential long-term effects of a decision, rather than just focusing on short-term simplicity (1h8m0s).
• The risk of oversimplifying and creating unintended complexity was discussed, using examples from Tony Robbins' book "Money: Master the Game" and Neil Strauss' book "Emergency", which presented complex solutions to financial problems (1h8m32s).
• The importance of considering the potential ripple effects of a decision and mitigating risks was emphasized, rather than just focusing on short-term simplicity or complexity (1h8m26s).
• A person bragged about their financial setup, claiming it would save them 30% in taxes, but Neil responded that it would be easier to just work 30% harder or make 30% more money, as the setup required a lot of work for a relatively small savings (1h9m7s).
• The idea is that some things may require personal experience and experimentation, rather than just following the wisdom of others, and that it's sometimes necessary to "throw yourself in and feel the pain" to learn and grow (1h10m0s).
• There's an intrinsic value in simplicity and elegance, even if the outcome is suboptimal, and that taking a simple approach can be beautiful and redeeming (1h10m31s).
• The concept of "how buildings learn" suggests that instead of predicting what will work, it's better to try things out and experiment, and that this approach can be applied to life in general (1h11m30s).
• The idea of being willing to "mess up happily" and learn from mistakes is a key part of personal growth and development, and that having a positive base level can help one bounce back from setbacks (1h11m51s).
• The person's past experiences, including marrying someone they hardly knew and selling their company, have taught them the value of taking risks and trying new things (1h12m15s).
• The "George Costanza principle" of doing the opposite of one's impulses can be a useful approach to shaking things up and trying new things (1h12m55s).
• A deliberate approach to decision-making involves doing the opposite of what one's instincts say, as a way to shake things up and explore different possibilities (1h13m6s).
• This approach led to a decision to get married to someone after only a few months of dating, despite feeling that it was a bad idea, and the marriage ultimately turned out to be a big mistake (1h14m23s).
• The experience of making a deliberate decision to do the opposite of what one's instincts say can be valuable, even if the outcome is not what was hoped for, as it can provide new insights and experiences (1h13m55s).
• However, this approach should not be applied to every decision, as some decisions have more significant consequences than others and may not be reversible (1h15m27s).
• The concept of "one-way doors" versus "two-way doors" can be used to determine when to apply this approach, with one-way doors being decisions that are more difficult to reverse, such as giving up one's citizenship (1h15m40s).
• The "hell yeah or no" approach to decision-making, which involves only saying yes to things that one is extremely enthusiastic about, can be a useful tool in certain situations, but should not be applied to every decision (1h16m12s).
• It's essential to have the wisdom to know when to use this approach and when not to, as it's not a one-size-fits-all solution (1h16m45s).
• The "hell yeah or no" approach is not meant to be used for every decision, but rather as a tool for specific situations, such as when one is overwhelmed with options (1h16m47s).

Tyler Cowen. (1h22m27s)

• Tyler Cowen wrote an article on Bloomberg.com titled "Who was Bitcoin's Satoshi?" and explored the idea of whether it matters who Satoshi, the inventor of Bitcoin, is. (1h22m27s)
• Cowen argued that if Satoshi is dead, it's a good thing for Bitcoin because it means the inventor can't tarnish the reputation of Bitcoin or alter its rules for the worse. (1h23m30s)
• He also pointed out that all religions have dead founders, which helps to preserve the reputation of the religion. (1h24m2s)
• Cowen suggested that if Satoshi is an older person from a previous movement, such as the e-gold movement, it means that even failed projects can create great things. (1h24m19s)
• He also proposed that if Satoshi is a young person, such as a 21-year-old in grad school at the time of inventing Bitcoin, it means that young people can accomplish more than we realize. (1h24m50s)
• If Satoshi is still alive, it's likely that they have hundreds of billions of dollars in Bitcoin and have chosen not to take it, demonstrating incredible self-restraint. (1h25m14s)
• Alternatively, if Satoshi is a pseudonym for a group of people, it means that groups can keep secrets better than expected, which has implications for conspiracy theories. (1h26m4s)
• Theories about various topics, including UFOs and JFK, are more likely to be true if a group of people, such as Satoshi, with significant financial resources chooses not to use their wealth and instead keeps secrets, highlighting the importance of secrecy (1h26m17s).
• A Bloomberg article about Tyler Cowen's thinking was impressive, showcasing his lateral and creative thinking, which is something to aspire to (1h26m38s).
• Tyler Cowen's point that restaurants are better in places with high income inequality is notable, as these areas have both rich customers who can afford to pay and low-paid staff who can work at the restaurants (1h27m8s).
• This concept can be applied to other industries, where people who dedicate themselves to a craft or art may be poorly paid, and high costs of living can drive them away, leading to a decline in the quality of goods and services (1h28m0s).
• The example of San Francisco and the East Bay illustrates this point, where the rising cost of living led to a decline in the quality of restaurants and other services as talented individuals could no longer afford to live there (1h28m0s).
• Similarly, Pittsburgh has become a hub for talented chefs from New York City, making it a more desirable place than expected (1h28m43s).
• Tyler Cowen is someone worth learning from, and his specific ideas and perspectives are highly recommended (1h26m55s).

Inchword and language learning. (1h29m4s)

• A call is made for translators to contact the writer, as they have a lot of paying work available, particularly for translations that are always improving, with the goal of achieving the best possible translation (1h29m22s).
• The incentives for translators and publishers are often misaligned, with translators aiming to complete the work quickly and for a low price, while publishers prioritize hiring translators who can produce a good enough translation at a low cost (1h30m1s).
• The writer's incentive is different, as they want the translation to be of high quality, which means working closely with the translator to ensure the best possible outcome, even if it means investing time and effort (1h30m29s).
• A potential solution to this problem is the concept of incremental improvement, where translations are continually refined and improved over time, with translators being paid for each improvement they make (1h31m11s).
• A website, inchw word.com, has been created to facilitate this process, where sentences are translated, improved, and voted on by readers to determine the best version (1h31m10s).
• The process involves breaking down texts into individual sentences, which are then translated by a computer, and subsequently improved by human translators, with each improvement being paid at a higher rate than the previous one (1h31m25s).
• Readers are also paid to review and vote on the improved sentences, with the goal of determining the best possible translation (1h32m30s).
• A system for incentivizing translators to produce high-quality work involves having multiple translators work on the same text, with the majority vote determining the best translation, and the translator of the chosen translation getting paid (1h32m47s).
• The problem of incentivizing translators to go first, knowing that someone might come along and make more money by doing a later iteration, is a fascinating one (1h33m12s).
• Learning another language can make one look at their native language more closely and appreciate its nuances (1h33m40s).
• A possible approach to learning Japanese is to first learn Korean, as the grammar is very similar, and then apply that knowledge to learning Japanese (1h34m3s).
• Benny Lewis, also known as the Irish polyglot, recommends learning Esperanto as a stepping stone to learning other languages, as it is objectively the easiest language to learn (1h35m2s).
• Esperanto was invented in 1888 to be easy to learn, and learning it can help one get used to having conversations in a non-native language (1h35m15s).
• One person's experience with learning Esperanto was that it was not very useful for communicating with others, and the Esperanto community was not very appealing (1h35m44s).
• The annual Esperanto conference in Seoul, Korea, was attended by a group of people who were enthusiastic about the language and its potential for promoting world peace (1h36m6s).
• Derek never learned Spanish despite growing up in America, thinking it was too similar to English, but instead wanted to learn a more distinct language like Chinese or Arabic (1h36m46s).
• Two months ago, Derek spent a month learning basic Spanish using Pimsleur and found it to be a great, amazing, and fascinating language that is also easy to learn (1h37m4s).
• Derek thinks that learning an easier language first can be a good technique to help understand grammar before moving on to a more difficult language, and Spanish can be a great language for those interested in Korean (1h37m31s).
• The Korean writing system is a point of national pride and was developed long after Korea adopted Chinese writing, similar to the Japanese (1h37m56s).
• There is a cartoon online that teaches how to read Korean in 15 minutes, and with 2-3 hours of learning, one can read Korean well enough to sound out words phonetically, even if they don't understand the meaning (1h38m21s).
• Knowing some basic Korean phrases can be a fun way to surprise people, such as saying "thank you" or "have a nice day" in Korean, and can even be a way to get cheap applause (1h39m6s).
• The idea of learning something in 15 minutes, such as speaking Korean or spinning a pen with your fingers, is reminiscent of Tim Ferriss's old content (1h39m17s).

Traveling to inhabit philosophies. (1h39m45s)

• Traveling is a means to experience and inhabit different philosophies of life, such as Brazilian or Japanese philosophies, which are deeply rooted in the way people live in those places, and this experience can lead to a deeper understanding and embodiment of those philosophies (1h39m53s).
• The philosophy of the UAE or Dubai is characterized by generosity, which is deeply ingrained in the culture, and this is evident in the way people treat guests and strangers with kindness and hospitality (1h41m7s).
• The concept of generosity in the UAE is rooted in the harsh environment of the desert, where people have traditionally relied on each other for survival, and this has led to a culture of hospitality and generosity towards travelers and strangers (1h43m14s).
• The book "Arabian Sands" by Wilfred Thesiger provides insight into the culture of generosity in the UAE, with stories of people sharing what little food they have with strangers in the desert (1h41m35s).
• Personal experiences, such as being invited to stay in someone's home in the Burj Khalifa, illustrate the depth of generosity and hospitality in the UAE culture (1h42m44s).
• The culture of generosity in the UAE is not limited to close relationships, but is extended to strangers and travelers, who are often treated with kindness and respect (1h43m27s).
• The concept of hospitality is deeply ingrained in the culture, where one can have whatever they want, stay as long as they want, and be treated with generosity, which is an idea worth inhabiting and reciprocating (1h43m31s).
• The idea is to have a home near the Dubai airport and open it up to friends from around the world, offering them a place to stay, and in return, experience the generosity that has been received (1h43m46s).
• The home would be a simple 6x8 foot cube, with the understanding that one should question whether they truly need something or not, and find out what is truly necessary (1h44m0s).
• Dubai is an international city where one can get by with just English, but learning Arabic is also a consideration, although it has not been tackled yet due to limited time spent in the city (1h44m35s).
• The city's multiculturalism is a major draw, with a foreign-born population of over 90%, making it a unique and representative place to live, unlike other cities like New York, London, and Singapore, which have a significantly lower foreign-born population (1h45m34s).
• The experience of being in Dubai is like an "anthropology jackpot," where one can meet people from all over the world, learn about different cultures, and hear different languages being spoken (1h45m43s).
• A conversation with a taxi driver from Cameroon, who moved to Dubai to learn languages and can now converse in eight languages, highlights the city's unique opportunities for cultural exchange and learning (1h46m6s).
• The city's multiculturalism and diversity make it an attractive place to live, with the whole world coming together in one place, much like the Cantina in Star Wars (1h46m52s).
• Dubai is often referred to as the bar in Star Wars, specifically The Cantina, where people from all over the world come to do their dealings, making it an exciting place for amateur anthropologists (1h46m57s).
• The city offers a unique experience, with people from various backgrounds gathering in one spot, creating a fascinating environment for observation and exploration (1h47m1s).
• The opportunity to meet in person and share experiences is something to look forward to in the not-too-distant future (1h47m21s).

Parting thoughts. (1h47m24s)

• The conversation is coming to a close, and there's an opportunity to mention anything before ending the discussion (1h47m24s).
• Two pets have been sleeping by the feet during the conversation and are described as adorable, gentle, and never biting (1h47m39s).
• Unlike childhood hamsters, these pets are very gentle and affectionate (1h47m54s).
• Appreciation is expressed for the people met through the podcast, and an invitation is extended to listeners to send an email and introduce themselves (1h48m5s).
• The email inbox is enjoyed, with about 90 minutes spent daily responding to emails, and listeners are encouraged to reach out, especially if they're translators or live in Dubai (1h48m14s).
• To contact, listeners can visit the website sivers.org, where there's a "contact me" link, making it easy to get in touch (1h48m33s).
• The website sivers.org is also where books can be found, and it's noted that they're not available on Amazon due to personal preference (1h49m28s).
• A final message is shared, encouraging listeners to be kinder than necessary, not just to others but also to themselves (1h49m51s).